André Breton was born in Tinchebray, Normandy, into a petit-bourgeois family. He studied medicine and psychiatry and, during the First World War, was assigned to the psychiatric department of a hospital in Nantes. After the war, he joined the Paris Dada movement, alongside artists including Man Ray and Marcel Duchamp. In 1919 he founded the journal Littérature with Louis Aragon and Philippe Soupault. The following year, he published Les Champs magnétiques, written with Soupault through the practice of automatic writing. In 1924 he published the Manifeste du surréalisme and became a leading figure in the movement. He joined the French Communist Party in 1927 and published Nadja, one of his best-known works, in 1928. In 1941, Wifredo Lam illustrated his poem Fata Morgana.