Born to a furniture maker, Hugnet began his artistic career by exhibiting at the Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme in 1938. He wrote the screenplay for the avant-garde film La Perle and, with the support of Tristan Tzara, wrote Dada Spirit in Painting. After meeting André Breton, he joined the Surrealist group and wrote Petite Anthologie poétique du Surréalisme in 1934. He set up a bookbinding atelier, Le Livre-Object, collaborating with many artists to create illustrations to accompany his poetry. His work often explored eroticism and female nudity. He created the poem-collage, combining found illustrations with newspaper texts, such as La Septième Face du dé, with a cover designed by Marcel Duchamp. He founded the review L’Usage de la parole and published the photomontage novel Huit jours à Trébaumec.