Mário de Andrade initially considered becoming a pianist, but writing soon became the main focus of his work. Under the pseudonym Mário Sobral, he published Symbolist poetry and later became a member of the Grupo dos Cinco. He played a central role in bringing avant-garde poetry to Brazil and establishing Brazilian Modernism. He also helped organise the Semana de Arte Moderna. He travelled extensively throughout Brazil, researching its folklore and musical traditions and recording his experiences in O turista aprendiz, published posthumously in 1976. In 1928, he published his novel Macunaíma.