Zenitism
The Yugoslav avant‑garde movement Zenitism emerged in the early 1920s through the initiative of philosopher and writer Ljubomir Micić and became internationally renowned during the first half of the decade. Its key ideas and principles were articulated in the multidisciplinary publication Zenit, first issued in Zagreb and later in Belgrade after Micić relocated to Serbia, where the group organised the First Zenit International Exhibition of New Art in 1924. Influenced and often aligned with Western European avant‑garde movements, particularly Dada and Futurism, Zenitism also sought to reclaim Balkan Slavic cultural heritage and nationalism, attracting artists such as Mihailo Petrov. In its later stages the movement broadened its scope through the activity of the magazine Zenit, which introduced into the group the influences of De Stijl / Neoplasticism and Constructivism by publishing contributions and collaborations from Kassák, Tatlin, Teige and Moholy‑Nagy.